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Women’s empowerment and electricity access: How do grid and off-grid systems enhance or restrict gender equality?

This report presents the results from a four-year independent research project exploring women’s empowerment through electricity access, with particular attention to comparing the effects of electricity provided by the grid and off-grid systems. The work was commissioned by ENERGIA’s Gender and Energy Research Programme and funded by the UK’s Department for International Development (DFID). The research was carried out in three countries where a relatively large share of the rural populations lack access to electricity: Nepal, Kenya and India.

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